FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF VILDAGLIPTIN SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS

Vildagliptin belongs to a class of orally active anti-diabetic drug which inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) and to potentiate the secretion of insulin in the β-cells, there by decreasing blood glucose level. Vildagliptin is a short half life drug so it needs to formulate into sustained release dosage form to reduce dose frequency for patient compliance. Among various techniques, formulation of matrix tablets using matrix formers is a simple and industrially useful technique in the design of sustained release drug delivery systems. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop sustained release matrix tablets of Vildagliptin using hydrophilic polymers like HPMC (k15M, K100M) and Carbapol by using wet granulation method. Dissolution study was done by using type-II dissolution apparatus gave good results with combination of HPMC K100 M and Carbapol. Drug release from the formulation follows zero order, first order, Higuchi's equation, and korsemeyer's equation

Association and correlation of thyroid dysfunction with anemia types in pregnant women of northern Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a common disorder in pregnancy along with anemia. But no study has evaluated the association between them. To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its association with anemia types in pregnant women during 1st trimester.Methods: Three hundred and eighty pregnant women with <12 weeks of gestational age were selected for the study with no history of thyroid dysfunction and anemia. All the pregnant women were classified into A, euthyroid and B, thyroid dysfunction groups. The B group was again subdivided into hypothyroid, subclinical hypothyroid (SCH), hyperthyroid according to nature of dysfunction. 5 ml of blood sample was collected from all subjects to analyse thyroid hormones and erythrocyte indices.Results: Out of 380 subjects, euthyroid was found to be 77.9%, and rest 22.1% were with thyroid dysfunction. Out of 84 thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroid was found to be 7.9%, SCH 13.9% and hyperthyroid was 0.3%. Out of 296 euthyroid women, anemia was identified in 97 pregnant women (32.8%) whereas in thyroid dysfunction women it was 43 women out of 84 (51.2%) which is a statistically significant. Significantly higher frequency of microcytic hypochromic anemia and normocytic normochromic anemia types were also found in thyroid dysfunction groups compared to euthyroid group (p<0.05). However, no significance between the thyroid dysfunction groups, Statistically significant difference was observed in the Hb concentration, RBC count, MCV, MCH and PCV between euthyroid and different thyroid dysfunction conditions (p<0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between fT4 and erythrocyte indices.Conclusions: As fT4 and TSH correlated with erythrocyte indices, it is advisable to screen for thyroid dysfunction and vice versa so as to prevent the complications associated with anemia and thyroid dysfunction

TOWARDS A NOVEL HYBRID APPROACH FOR REMOVING DUPLICATE COPIES OF REPEATED DATA

Previous systems cannot support differential authorization duplicate check, in several applications. In the recent times, structural design was offered that consisting of twin clouds for effective outsourcing of data as well as arbitrary computations towards an untrustworthy commodity cloud. With the introduction of cloud computing, efficient secure data deduplication has attracted much concentration in recent times from research community. Data deduplication is a committed data compression technique that is generally introduced for eliminating duplicate copies of repeating storage data. Distinct from established systems, private cloud is offered as a proxy towards permitting data owner to securely execute duplicate check by differential privileges and hence this architecture is useful and has attracted much consideration from researchers.   In our work we solve difficulty of deduplication by differential privileges within cloud computing, we imagine a hybrid cloud structural design consisting of a public cloud and private cloud.

Genotipovi P i G goveđeg rotavirusa i njihova prevalencija u teladi najranije dobi.

To investigate the epidemical characteristics and genotypic distribution of bovine rotavirus in Punjab, 120 fecal samples were collected from calves exhibiting diarrhea and screened for the presence of rotavirus using RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR. Twenty-three samples were positive by RNA-PAGE having electrophoretic patterns that corresponded to mammalian group A rotaviruses. All the samples were (120) screened by RT-PCR for VP7 and VP4 genes and 16 samples were found to be positive for VP7. Out of these 16 samples, 4 samples were also positive for VP4. These were analyzed further by multiplex semi-nested PCR for G and P genotypes, and it was confirmed that 43.75% (7/16) were the G3 type, while 6.25% (1/16) was the G8 type and 50% (8/16) were dual G3G8 types. P genotyping classified all the samples 100% (4/4) as the P[5] genotype. It may be concluded that most prevalent combination of rotavirus infection in bovine was G3G8P[5] in Punjab.Radi istraživanja epizootioloških obilježja i proširenosti genotipova goveđeg rotavirusa u Punjabu, prikupljeno je bilo 120 uzoraka izmeta teladi s proljevom te pretraženo na prisutnost rotavirusa RNApoliakrilamid-gel-elekroforezom (RNA-PAGE) i lančanom reakcijom polimerazom uz prethodnu reverznu transkripciju (RT-PCR). Od toga su 23 uzorka bila pozitivna pretragom RNA-PAGE s elektroforetskim uzorkom koji je odgovarao skupini A rotavirusa sisavaca. Svih 120 uzoraka izmeta bilo je pretraženo RT-PCR-om na prisutnost gena za proteine VP7 i VP4. Ustanovljeno je 16 pozitivnih za VP7. Od tih 16, četiri su bila pozitivna i za VP4. Ti su dodatno bili pretraženi višestrukom poluugniježđenom lančanom reakcijom polimerazom za genotipove G i P. Utvrđeno je da je 43,75% (7/16) pripadalo genotipu G3, dok je 6,25% (1/16) bilo genotipa G8, a 50% (8/16) pripadalo je i G3 i G8 genotipu. Svi su uzorci (4/4) na osnovi P genotipizacije pripadali genotipu P[5]. Može se zaključiti da je infekcija goveda u Punjabu najčešće uzrokovana kombinacijom rotavirusa G3, G8 i P[5]

On the Ionization of Luminous WMAP Sources in the Galaxy : Constraints from He Recombination Line Observations with the GBT

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) free-free foreground emission map is used to identify diffuse ionized regions (DIR) in the Galaxy (Rahman & Murray 2010). It has been found that the 18 most luminous WMAP sources produce more than half of the total ionizing luminosity of the Galaxy. We observed radio recombination lines (RRLs) toward the luminous WMAP source G49.75-0.45 with the Green Bank Telescope near 1.4 GHz. Hydrogen RRL is detected toward the source but no helium line is detected, implying that n_He+/n_H+ < 0.024. This limit puts severe constraint on the ionizing spectrum. The total ionizing luminosity of G49 (3.05 x 10^51 s^-1) is ~ 2.8 times the luminosity of all radio HII regions within this DIR and this is generally the case for other WMAP sources. Murray & Rahman (2010) propose that the additional ionization is due to massive clusters (~ 7.5 x10^3 Msun for G49) embedded in the WMAP sources. Such clusters should produce enough photons with energy \geq 24.6 eV to fully ionize helium in the DIR. Our observations rule out a simple model with G49 ionized by a massive cluster. We also considered 'leaky' HII region models for the ionization of the DIR, suggested by Lockman and Anantharamaiah, but these models also cannot explain our observations. We estimate that the helium ionizing photons need to be attenuated by > ~10 times to explain the observations. If selective absorption of He- ionizing photons by dust is causing this additional attenuation, then the ratio of dust absorption cross sections for He- and H- ionizing photons should be > ~6.Comment: Accepted for publication in the ApJ; 14 pages, 3 figure

Controller Implementation for PV Interconnection Based Three-Phase UPS Systems Operating Under Highly Nonlinear Loads

In this paper we have multi functional converters to inter connect the both the dc and ac grids to handle power quality issues of the micro-grids. Multifunctional inverters can not only interface the renewable energy resource into the utility grid, but also can compensate the harmonic and reactive current in the micro-grid as an auxiliary service. Therefore, to enhance the power quality of the micro-grid by optimal utilization of the limited and valuable capacity becomes a technical challenge. In this paper, two optimal control objectives of MFGTIs are presented based on a comprehensive power quality evaluation algorithm by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) theory. The two proposed strategies are analyzed about the powers and voltage and currents as results, and the paper also discusses how to use them in practice for the best performance. Simulation of proposed svpwm verifies the feasibility of the proposed optimal control strategies

SCREENING OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN HIV PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPY

Aim: The main aim of the study is prospective screening of drug related problems in ART receiving patients at RIMS Kadapa. Objectives: The key objectives of the study include To identify various drug related problems using various domains as per PCNE (Pharmaceutical care network Europe). To identify the most common ART regimen causing DRP. Methodology: A prospective observational study conducted for a period of six months november2015-april 2016. The data was collected by using Patient Data Collection Form, PCNE classification V5.01, Drug interaction form, ADR form. The collected data was analysed for age and gender distribution, distribution of patients based on co morbidities, patients with and without DRPs based on type of ART regimen used, distribution of problems, causes for different problems, interventions suggested for different problems then outcome of interventions were calculated. Results: A total of 125 patients 104 members experienced DRPs with ART regimens, which accounts 63(60.57%) males and 41(39.42%) females. Out of 104 patients 59 members experienced DRPs with ZLN regimen. In those patients the main DRPs were adverse drug reactions, drug use problems and drug interactions. The main causes for those problems were Pharmacokinetic problems incl. Ageing/ deterioration in organ function and interactions (C1.4), manifest side effect no other cause (C1.8) as per PCNE scheme V5.01. The various interventions suggested for those problems were Patient (medication) counselling (I2.1), Instructions for use changed to......(I3.4), new drug started(I3.6). the outcomes for suggested interventions were problems( Rashes, muscle pain, vomiting, nausea, headache, cough, abdominal pain.....etc.) totally solved(O1.0) and problems (Neutropenia, anaemia, hyper pigmentation of skin &amp; nails, ear impairment, severe anaemia, finger paralysis, blurred vision.....etc.) were partially solved(O2.0). Conclusion: Our study concludes adverse drug reactions with ART are high in problems domain as per PCNE, which can be decreased by identifying DRPs in early stages of drug therapy, prescribing other drugs cautiously in HIV patients. Majority of DRPs can be decreased by improving patient-physician relationships and patient-pharmacist relationships. For better outcomes patient counselling can be considered as a better interventional tool which will improve adherence and decrease DRPs in HIV patients. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe, Drug related problems, Anti retro viral therapyÂ

Performance Analysis of Block PSO for Image De-noising using Wavelet Transform

Abstract: Image de

Unraveling trait relationships in maize inbred lines

An experiment was carried out during Kharif 2020 at wetland farm of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati using 30 inbred lines of maize to assess the trait association for 16 yield and yield attributes. It revealed that ear length, number of kernels per row, plant height, ear girth, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, 100 kernel weight, number of kernel rows per ear, specific leaf area, harvest index and tassel length had notable positive correlation with kernel yield per plant suggesting that selecting these characters simultaneously lead to an increase in kernel yield per plant. Path analysis revealed a significant and positive direct influence of ear length on the kernel yield per plant. Hence, ear length could be considered during selection in maize for improving kernel yield

Genotipovi P i G goveđeg rotavirusa i njihova prevalencija u teladi najranije dobi.

To investigate the epidemical characteristics and genotypic distribution of bovine rotavirus in Punjab, 120 fecal samples were collected from calves exhibiting diarrhea and screened for the presence of rotavirus using RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR. Twenty-three samples were positive by RNA-PAGE having electrophoretic patterns that corresponded to mammalian group A rotaviruses. All the samples were (120) screened by RT-PCR for VP7 and VP4 genes and 16 samples were found to be positive for VP7. Out of these 16 samples, 4 samples were also positive for VP4. These were analyzed further by multiplex semi-nested PCR for G and P genotypes, and it was confirmed that 43.75% (7/16) were the G3 type, while 6.25% (1/16) was the G8 type and 50% (8/16) were dual G3G8 types. P genotyping classified all the samples 100% (4/4) as the P[5] genotype. It may be concluded that most prevalent combination of rotavirus infection in bovine was G3G8P[5] in Punjab.Radi istraživanja epizootioloških obilježja i proširenosti genotipova goveđeg rotavirusa u Punjabu, prikupljeno je bilo 120 uzoraka izmeta teladi s proljevom te pretraženo na prisutnost rotavirusa RNApoliakrilamid-gel-elekroforezom (RNA-PAGE) i lančanom reakcijom polimerazom uz prethodnu reverznu transkripciju (RT-PCR). Od toga su 23 uzorka bila pozitivna pretragom RNA-PAGE s elektroforetskim uzorkom koji je odgovarao skupini A rotavirusa sisavaca. Svih 120 uzoraka izmeta bilo je pretraženo RT-PCR-om na prisutnost gena za proteine VP7 i VP4. Ustanovljeno je 16 pozitivnih za VP7. Od tih 16, četiri su bila pozitivna i za VP4. Ti su dodatno bili pretraženi višestrukom poluugniježđenom lančanom reakcijom polimerazom za genotipove G i P. Utvrđeno je da je 43,75% (7/16) pripadalo genotipu G3, dok je 6,25% (1/16) bilo genotipa G8, a 50% (8/16) pripadalo je i G3 i G8 genotipu. Svi su uzorci (4/4) na osnovi P genotipizacije pripadali genotipu P[5]. Može se zaključiti da je infekcija goveda u Punjabu najčešće uzrokovana kombinacijom rotavirusa G3, G8 i P[5]